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Cardiff
Cardiff аnd its region boast a huge number of historic sites. Starting in the capital and travelling through seven nearby counties you will come across some of the most fascinating castles and heritage sites the UK has to оffеr.
Having been in the throes of redevelopment for a good years now, especially around the Cardiff Вау area, the city has several new attractions. The old favourites (Cardiff Castle, Llandaff Cathedral and the museums) are still popular and as worthy of a visit as ever, but thеу must now compete with the newcomers, most of which are concentrated on the waterfront. For this reason, visitors could consider Cardiff Bay as one huge tourist attraction and approach individual sights as components within it.
Attractions are dotted all over the city. The Millennium Stadium and Cardiff Castle, for example, are in the city centre, the National Museum and Gallery is а short distance away, at Cathays Park, while the Museum of Welsh Life is in St Fagans, оп the city' s western outskirts. The cathedral is situaied in what is quaintly called "the City of Llandaff", 3km (2 miles) from the city centre.
Taking its namе from ihe river Taff оn which it stands (Caer Taff means fortress on the Taff,) Cardiff is Europe's youngest capital city, only being officially recognized as the capital of Wales in 1955. But the history of the city goes back sevеrаl thousands уеаrs. According to John Davics' A History of Wales, people were living in Wales over 250,000 years ago. Evidence of habiiation can certainly be traced backto 600 ВС, with the arrival of Colts from Europe but, it was the Romans who put Cardiff itself on thc map bybuilding a fort here in 75 AD. Remains of а Roman wall are still lies beneath
Cardiff castle. The first, written mention of Cardiff dates back to 465 AD in the Annates,Cambriae (The Welsh Annals). The first Viking attack on the Welsh coast is recorded in 850 AD and then the Normans took over in the 12th century, building Cardiff Castle on the same site. William the Conqueror himself visited Cardiff during 1081.
During the following centuries, Cardiff remained quite a small entity relying, like much of the rest of South Wales, on the coal ancl iron industries. But small by no means signified peaceful. There were frequent clashes with the English rulers as well as raids at the hands of the Saxons, Irish and Norse. In 1542 Thomas Capper was burned all the stake in the city for heresy, becoining the first Christian Welsh inartyr. In the same year, the second Act of Union came into force, reorganizing the structure of Wales, introducing a coherent justice system, but at the same time making English the official language of Wales and barring Welsh speakers from holding public office. This sowed the seeds of à conflict that has lasted until the present day.
Cardiff came briefly to the fore again when Welsh involvement in the English Civil War саше to a head with the Battle of St Fagans on Мау 8, 1648. Оccasional reenactinents are still held at the Museum of Welsh life that now stands on the site. The city really саme into its own, however, until 19th century, with the construction of a canal, аnd the opening of the Taff Vale Railwау in 1841. This linked Cardiff with Merthyr Туdifil - the largest iron producing arеа in the world goods could be transported in less than an hour. This revolutionized the export of Welsh coal aild catapulted Cardiff to the forefront оf the industry. The opening of the East Dock in 1859 by the Marquess of Bute геflected Cardiff's flouishing trade status and population expansion.
The Bute family were prominent at this time. Among the wealthiest landowners in Britain, they owned estates
in Scotland and Wales, along with Cardiff Castle, Castell coch (built for the third Marquess of Bute, John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, as a summer residence in 1875 and never occupied), large parts of the city centre and most of Cardiff clocks. Under the influence of this new wealth, Cardiff continued to grow in size until it was officially made à city in 1905 by Edward VII. By then, it was the world' s major exporter of coal, shipping up to ten million tons in à year. Indeed, the world' s first 1,000,000 pounds deal was struck in the Coal Exchange, now à concert venue in Cardiff Bay.
With the decline of the coal industry, the city became an administrative centre. The Bute fainily gifted their Cardiff holdings to the city council - with certain height restrictions placed on future building developments, which explains why the civic centre area of the city retains much of its old character. The 20th century saw the building of the City hall, the National Museum and the Welsh Office, and then in 1955, it was made the official capital of Wales.
Despite the collapse of many of the industries upon which it has traditionally relied, the end of the 20th century proved to be an exciting period for Wales. In 1999, Cardiff became the home ot the independent Welsh Assemblу - a body with many powers, made up of Welsh people to govern Welsh people. The Welsh language is seeing a rise in popularity as it is given equal status alongside English. And the city continues to grow.
In 2005, Cardiff celebrated two significant Birthdays. It has been over 100 years since It was gained City stаtus, been over 50 years since it was declared Capital of Wales by Edward VII. Cardiff has à long and interesting history and people have lived in Cardiff for thousands of years. But the real history begins in А.D. 43, when the Romans invaded Britain.
Today, Саrdiff is Europe's most dynamic capital city. It' s a great place to visit and the ideal base from which to explore the coast, culture and heritage of Wales and
western Britain. The Sci-Fi programs
Torchwood and Doctor Who, are fIhned in the City, as well as the Welsh drama "Caerdydd".
The City is host to many major events, including World Class Rugby at the Millennium Stadium, the massive annual "Cardiff Festival" and the likes of Boyzone and Westlife at Cardiff International Arena.
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