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The word "Ulster" is used to stand for the British proviiice of Northern Ireland. I olitics herc is dominated by the historic animosity between the two communitics there. The Catholic viewpoint is known as "nationalist" or "republicaii" (in support of idea of a single Irish nation and its republican governnient);
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' the Protestant viewpoint is known as I "unionist or loyalist (loyal to the un' ion with Britain).
i In the late 1960s a Catholic civil rights ~ movement began, frequent fighting broke I out. In 1969 British troops were sent to ' keep order. At first they were welcomed, I particularly among the Catholics. But
troops, inevitably, often act without re I gard to democratic rights. In the tense , atmosphere, the welcome di.appeared. I Extremist organizations from both com' munities began committing acts of teri rorism, such as shootings and bombings.
One of these groups, IRA, then started a ~ bombing campaign on the British main- ~ land.
i There have been many efforts to find a ' solution to "the troubles" (as they are known in Ireland). There has been some progress. In 1972 the British government decided to rule directly from London, Most of the previous polit, ical abuses liavc disappeared, and Catholics iiow have almost the same political rights as Protestants. In addition, the British and Irish governments have developed good relations and new initiatives are presented jointly. However, the troubles are not over.
Among both communitics in Ulster there is now a general disgust in relation to actions of extremists and strong desire of peace.
In 1994, all extremist groups ceased their terrorist activiiies and agreed to take part in negotiations to reach a set,- tlement.
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