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ex. 10
Environmental problems are of a great concern nowadays. More and more scientists warn about the threat of a global ecological catastrophe as a result of man' s economic activity. Medics note with alarm the growing number of diseases caused by air and water pollution.
Urban environmental problems are threats to present or future human well-
being, resulting from human-induced damage to thc physical environment, originating in or borne in urban areas. They are:
~ Inadequate househol'd water and sanitation and indoor air pollution.
Ambient air pollution, inadequate waste management and pollution of rivers, lakes and coastal areas.
Ecological disruption and resource depletion in a city's hinterland, and emissions of acid precursors and greenhouse gases.
~ Activities outside a city's boundaries, but which will affect people living in the city.
The ecological situation is particularly unfavorable in large cities. Big cities face the environmental catastrophe. In Lon-: don, for example, the dust concentration (daily average) in air exceeds the permissible level by 60 'N>, in Paris — 80 '/o. The situation in Moscow is even worse in some aspects. The carried out research showed that up to 12 million tons of harmful sub> stances are discharged into air sum>ally. Hundreds of industrial enterprises pollute atmosphere.
Ecological problems are also very acute in our city. For example, air pollution is caused by increasing number of cars, heavy traffic causes a lot of air pollution, too. Every car exhausts tons of CO, into the air. Having more buses would improve public transport in cities and there would be fewer cars in the streets. I think people should go on foot more often or use hie ycl es.
The ecological situation in the region is influenced by a powerful industrial and military complex, which includes the defense, metallurgic, machine-building enterprises and so on. The necessity to employ all the inhabitants of the city leads to building new factories that produce not only consumer goods, but wastes and smog as well. Chemicals from factories conte ruinate atmosphere. Governments can solve this problem by passing laws to stop factories from polluting air and water. It also should force factories to put
filters on chimneys. If they did these, our cities would be healthier places to live in. The people are also worried about the rivers around our city. Several plants contaminate water. As a result the ecological balance in the river upsets. Pollution of water creates a problem of water deficit. In fart, over half of the people in the world have to live with water shortages everyday. There are solutions to this problem. We can save the water froin our baths and use it for the garden. This would help to keep many litters of water especially in the summer. Governments could stop water companies from wasting water supplies because of leaking pipes. Many cities have successfully saved water by repairing pipes.
Furthermore, we can see much litter in the cities. As a result of it industrial centers today look inore like garbage dumps. We mustn't drop litter because it looks and smells horrible. If the autliorities put bin on every street corner, people wouldn't drop litter so much. We also should try not, to buy pre-packaged food. The packaging creates a lot of rubbish.
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