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Manchester. Landmarks
Manchester's buildings display a variety of architectural styles, ranging from Victorian architecture to Contemporary architecture. The widespread use of Red brick characterizes the city. Much of the architecture in the city harks back to its days as a global centre for the cotton trade. Just outside the immediate city centre there is a large number of former Colton mills, some of which havebeen left virtually untouched since their closure whilst many have bееn redeveloped into apartment buildings and office space. Manchester Town Hall in Аlbert Square, Manchester was built in the Gothic Revival architecture style and is considered to bе one of the most important Victorian buildings in England. It has been used in film as a replacement location fоr the Раlасе of Westminster, where filming is not permitted.
Beetham Tower on Deansgate is currently Manchester's tallest building.
Manchester also has а number of the tallest building built during the 1960s and I970s, the tallest of which is the CIS Tower located near Manchestеr Victoria station. The Beetham Tower, Manchester, completed in 2006, is an example of
the new surge in high-rise building and includes a hotel, a restaurant, and apartments. On its completion, it was the tallest building in the UK outside London, although an even taller building, the Piccadilly Tower, began construction behind Manchester Piccadilly station in early 2008. The Green Building, opposite Manchester Oxford Road railway station, is a pioneering eco-friendly housing project, almost unique in the UK.
В of the Bang in Sportcity was built to mark the 2002 Соmmonwealth Games. In the north of the city borough is the award winning Heaton Park which is one оf the largest numicipal parks in Europe covering 610 acres (250 ha) of parkland. There are a total of 135 parks, gardens and open spaces within the city. Two large squares hold manу of Manchester's public monuments. Albert Square has monuments io Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, James Fraser (bishop), Oliver Heywood, William Ewart Gladston and John Bright. Piccadilly Garde. s has monuments dedicated to Victoria of the United Kingdoln, Robert Peel, James Watt and Arthur Wellesley, the ist Duke of Wellington. The сenotaph St Peter' s Square, by Edwin Lutyens is Manchester's main memorial to its war dead. The Alan Turing in Sackville Park соnnemorates his role as the father of modern computing. A statue of Abraham Lincoln by George Gray Barnard in the eponymous Lincoln Square was presented to the city by Mr. and Мrs. Charles Phelps Taft of Cincinnati, Ohio, to mark the part that Lancashire played in the Cotton famine and American Civil War of 1861 - 1865. Тhe success of the 2002 Commonwealth Game is commemorated by the В of the Bang, located ncar the City of Manchester Stadium in the Еastlands area of the city. At 184 feet (56 m) tall, the sculpture is the tallest in the UK. A Concorde is on display near Manchester Airport.
Manchester
Manchester is a relatively new city. A borough of northwest England east- northeast оf Liverpool. Founded on the
site of Celtic and Roman settlements, it was first chartered in 1301. Greater Man-
chester is densely populated and highly industrialized. The Manchester Ship Canal (completed in 1894) affords access for ocean going vessels.
Manchester is located in the Northwest region of England, about equidistant between Liverpool and Leeds. Manchester is often referred to as England' s "second city" (after London). Due to its proximity to the Pennines (the range which forms England' s spine, from just south of the Scottish border down into the region known as The East Midlands), which force the prevailing Atlantic westerly clouds to rise, it receives тоге than its fair share of wet weather. Manchester once had a negative reputation derived from its industrial past. In the 1800's, the city was at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution and, for a while, suffered from post-industrial squalor. In recent years, however, the rejuvenated city has made great strides in the arts, education and technology. As testament to this rebirth, Manchester was chosen to host the 2002 Commonwealth Games. Things have dramatically changed in the last decade and now the city has a vibrant exciting air. Investments in the city' s regeneration following the 1996 IRA bomb and 2002 Commonwealth Games have раid off.
Manchester is well worth a visit, even if just for a couple of days, or for longer, if you plan (оr use it as a base to explore northern England and North Wales. It is becoming тоге and more a city where people are choosing to settle. It is seen by many as young, vibrant and cutting edge with a cool vibe about the place. It is a place where things do happen. Many see their city as a rival to London, albeit on а тоге human scale perhaps; never mind the ongoing battle with Birmingham for "The Second City" title. This feud seems to go on and on and hinges on how you аdd up the numbers, if it based on numbers. The latest is, if you comparе Greater Manchester's population to Birmingham's and its neighbouring towns and districts, Birmingham pips Man ."hester to the post by а 100,000 or so. However if you look at the асtual popula-
tion of the city of Birmingham, which is more than 1 million, it is more than twice as big, in terms of population, as the actual city of Manchester, as opposed to the larger conurbation, with à population of around 450,000 people. But the city argues that population is just one aspect and that history and contributions to the world should also be considered. Over the years, many have moved to Manchester from London for example. These people are by no means all returning to their northern roots. Боте are from overseas, who stopped оf down south on their way to a better quality of life! Many have соте in search of а тоге affordable urban existence!
Metrolink, also known as the tram, is the name for Manchester's local mass-transit system. With a map of the system it is easy to understand.
Currently, Metrolink runs two lines.
Visitors to the city will find a varied cultural scene - with many theaters, galleries, nightclubs and sporting events plus а number of interesting sights. The Visitor Center is located at Town Hall in historic St. Peter' s Square. Other points of interest include Barton Arcade, the festive Boardwalk area, Piccadilly Gardens, Granada Studio, and the Museum of Science and Industry. For à break, grab a Boddingtons Cream Ale, the pride of Manchester since 1778.
Manchester has a lot to оffer for the cultural buffs. Although Manchester looks rather modern, one of the highlights is probably a visit to the Cathedral and the Town Hall. For those interested how this industrial city came into being and achieved its present status, it might be an idea to рау a visit to the Museum of Science and History. The museum does not only оffer an exhibition and an area where children (and adults) of course can entertain themselves with scientific tricks, it is also possible to trace a little bit of what life must have been like in the old days in the section where they rebuilt houses and streets from eariier Manchester. And this is only one of the many museums in Manchester.
There are several good art galleries and exhibition spaces, excellent libraries, an enormous university complex, nice squares (The Albert Square and Piccadilly Square are probably best known) and parks (Castlefield Urban Heritage'park is а good option).
The centre is actually quite pretty. The thing to do is not to look just at what' s in the shop windows but just above; the buildings соте in all styles and many different colours and stone types. Make sure you see the the spaceship style Royal Exchange Theatre - a modernist building right in the middle of the former large Victorian building used until 1968 for cotton trading. Apart from the theatre there' s a great cafe a craft and bookshop and, often, exhibitions, An oasis of calm in a vibrant city. Even better (get a visitor pass from the porter or visit the Tourist Shop on the corner) is the town hall, in a neo-gothic style with little arches, corners, bridges, alleys, and lots of beautiful masonry. If the Great Hall is not in use, you can look at the wall paintings depicting events from Manchester history.
А favourite spot for outside architecture is Castlefield, named after the remains of а Roman fortress (minimal), but is has old bridges and buildings in red brick and cast iron all from the days of the industrial revolution. There' s a terrific, hands-on museum of science and industry here - great for kids and grown-ups alike. Nowadays it has a lot of night life too.
The real origin of the industrial revolution is on the other side of town, behind Piccadilly station. However, whilst this is still a tad depressing and the rundown; this area is currently being revitalised. And you must see the В of the Bang sculpture. В of the Bang is a competition winning sculpture for the City of Manchester Stadium where the 2002 Commonwealth Games were hosted, now the home of Manchester City Football Club.
The tallest sculpture in the UK, it is incline data nangle of thirty degrees fromthe vertical and represents a major challenge in both construction and engineering.
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